Li, Ruoru; Xu, Zijian; Chen, Sheng; Wu, Shuhan; Zhang, Yingling; Zhang, Xiangzhi; Tai, Renzhong

PHOTONICS

2025, 7,

Li, Ruoru; Xu, Zijian; Chen, Sheng; Wu, Shuhan; Zhang, Yingling; Zhang, Xiangzhi; Tai, Renzhong

X-ray ptychography is an ultrahigh resolution imaging technique widely used in synchrotron radiation facilities. Its imaging performance relies on the quality of the acquired signals. However, the X-ray detectors used often suffer from signal loss due to sensor gaps, beamstops, defective pixels, overexposure, or other factors, resulting in degraded image quality. To suppress and compensate for the effects of signal loss, we proposed the known probe approach to partially recover the lost signals and introduced the high probe divergence strategy by investigating the effects of probe divergence on reconstruction quality under signal loss conditions. Both simulation and experiment results show that high probe divergence can effectively suppress the impact of signal loss on reconstruction quality while using a known probe as the initial probe for reconstruction can largely recover missing signals in Fourier space, resulting in a much better image than using a guessed initial probe. These strategies allow for high-quality imaging in the presence of signal loss without secondary data acquisition, significantly improving experimental efficiency and reducing radiation damage compared to previous strategies.