Wang, Zhenyu; Hu, Honglin; Zhou, Ting; Xu, Tianheng; Zhao, Xi

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

2024, 71, 1558-2531

Wang, Zhenyu; Hu, Honglin; Zhou, Ting; Xu, Tianheng; Zhao, Xi

Objective: The information transfer rate (ITR) is widely accepted as a performance metric for generic brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers, while it is noticeable that the communication speed given by ITR is actually an upper bound which however can never be reached in real systems. A new performance metric is therefore needed. Methods: In this paper, a new metric named average time consumption per character (ATCPC) is proposed. It quantifies how long it takes on average to type one character using a typical synchronous BCI speller. To analytically derive ATCPC, the real typing process is modelled with a random walk on a graph. Misclassification and backspace are carefully characterized. A close-form formula of ATCPC is obtained through computing the hitting time of the random walk. The new metric is validated through simulated typing experiments and compared with ITR. Results: Firstly, the formula and simulation show a good consistency. Secondly, ITR always tends to overestimate the communication speed, while ATCPC is more realistic. Conclusion: The proposed ATCPC metric is valid. Significance: ATCPC is a qualified substitute for ITR. ATCPC also reveals the great potential of keyboard optimization to further enhance the performance of BCI spellers, which was hardly investigated before.